The method used for quantifying Group emissions is in line with the ISO 14064-1 standard, the GHG Protocol guidelines and the Bilan Carbone methodology of ADEME. The sources of emissions included in the Group’s total carbon footprint are broken down per Scope and influence level. Scope 1 includes direct emissions from stationary combustion: gas and fuel consumption in common areas, direct emissions from mobile combustion: fuel used for company vehicles, and direct fugitive emissions: leaks of refrigerant gas/fluid. Scope 2 includes indirect emissions linked to electricity consumption in common areas (linked to production only) and indirect emissions from cold or hot steam consumption (centralised cooling and heating provided by district heating and cooling networks). Scope 3 includes emissions from energy production not included in Scopes 1 and 2 (extraction, production and transport of fuel, electricity, hot and cold steam), upstream emissions and transport and distribution losses of energy consumed by common areas, purchased products and services, capital equipment, waste on-site management, employee commuting, business travel, investments, visitor and customer transport, and downstream leased assets. The GHG emissions figures are expressed according to the “market-based” method to highlight the efforts made in selecting the Group’s energy suppliers.