We are aware that the transition to a climate-neutral economy could be slowed down by locked-in GHG emissions. Regarding Scope 1 and 2, certain processes cannot be converted to electricity yet. For Scope 3 downstream, the locked-in emissions depend on how the market will evolve in the coming years, in particular on the share of BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicle). However, it is important to point out that the higher the share of BEVs, the harder it is to reach the target set for Scope 3 upstream. We are developing plans to reduce emissions from downstream ICEs, and in particular, we are evaluating various technologies, including alternative fuels.

Based on the average price of EU-ETS credits in 2024, we defined an internal carbon price, i.e., a shadow price, to conduct cost-benefit analyses and reduce upstream value chain emissions on specific projects. The scopes covered by our internal carbon pricing scheme are: Category 3.1 - Upstream transportation and distribution, Category 3.2 - Downstream transportation and distribution, Category 4.1 - Purchased goods, Category 4.5 - Use of services.